Exploring All Dog Breeds in England and Their Original Purposes

Dogs have been part of English life for centuries, each breed shaped by specific needs and environments. Understanding what dogs used to do reveals a fascinating story about how humans and dogs worked together. This post explores many of the dog breeds native to England and the jobs they were originally bred to perform. Whether you are a dog lover or simply curious, this guide offers insight into the history behind these beloved companions.

3 different breeds of dogs

Herding Dogs and Their Vital Role

One of the most iconic groups of English dogs are herding breeds. These dogs were bred to manage livestock, a crucial job in rural England.

• Border Collie

Known for intelligence and stamina, Border Collies were bred to herd sheep across the rugged borderlands between England and Scotland. Their job required sharp instincts and quick responses to commands.

• Old English Sheepdog

With a distinctive shaggy coat, this breed was used to drive sheep and cattle to market. Their size and strength helped control large herds.

• Bearded Collie

Another herding dog, the Bearded Collie was prized for its agility and ability to work in harsh weather conditions.

These breeds highlight how dogs’ jobs were closely tied to agriculture, helping farmers manage their animals efficiently.

Hunting Dogs and Their Specialised Skills

Hunting was a major activity in England, and many breeds were developed to assist hunters in different ways.

• English Setter

Bred to locate game birds, English Setters use their keen sense of smell to find birds and then “set” or freeze, allowing hunters to approach.

• Labrador Retriever

Originally bred in Newfoundland but popularized in England, Labradors were used to retrieve waterfowl during hunting. Their soft mouths allowed them to bring back birds without damage.

• English Springer Spaniel

This breed was used to flush game out of dense brush, making it easier for hunters to shoot.

Each hunting breed had a specific dog's job that required unique skills, from tracking to retrieving, showing the diversity of what dogs used to do in the field.

Guard and Working Dogs

Some English breeds were developed to protect property or assist with heavy labour.

• Bulldog

Originally bred for bull-baiting, a cruel sport, Bulldogs evolved into companions, but their early job was to hold bulls by the nose ring. Their courage and tenacity were key traits.

• Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Known for strength and loyalty, this breed was used for guarding homes and farms.

• English Mastiff

One of the largest dog breeds, Mastiffs were used to guard estates and protect livestock from predators.

These dogs’ jobs required strength and bravery, reflecting the needs of their owners for protection and security.

Companion and Toy Breeds

Not all English dogs were bred for work. Some were developed as companions, often for nobility.

• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Bred to be lap dogs for royalty, this breed’s job was companionship and comfort.

• English Toy Terrier

Small and elegant, these dogs were popular among the upper class as pets.

While their dog's job was less about labour, their role in providing emotional support and companionship was just as important.

Unique English Breeds and Their Purposes

England has several breeds that don’t fit neatly into the above categories but have interesting histories.

• Jack Russell Terrier

Bred for hunting foxes, this small but fearless dog was used to chase foxes out of their dens.

• Bedlington Terrier

Originally bred to hunt vermin, especially rats, this breed has a distinctive lamb-like appearance.

• Dachshund (English lines)

Though German in origin, Dachshunds were popular in England for hunting badgers due to their long bodies and strong digging ability.

These breeds show the variety of dogs job roles, from pest control to specialized hunting.

How Understanding Dogs’ Original Jobs Helps Today

Knowing what dogs used to do helps owners appreciate their pets’ instincts and needs. For example:

• Herding breeds often need mental and physical stimulation to stay happy.

• Hunting breeds may enjoy games that involve scent tracking or retrieving.

• Guard dogs may be naturally protective and require proper socialization.

  
  

This knowledge can guide training and care, making life better for both dogs and owners.

Dogs in England have a rich history shaped by their original purposes. From herding sheep to hunting game, guarding homes, or simply providing companionship, each breed carries a story of partnership with humans. Recognizing the dog's job behind each breed helps us understand their behaviour and needs today. Whether you own a Border Collie or a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, appreciating what dogs used to do enriches the bond you share.